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Hydrocolloid dressing (for daily use)
A hydrocolloid dressing contains a gel-forming substance and consists of three layers: a wound contact surface, a polymer matrix, and a backing. Its primary ingredients are sodium carboxymethylcellulose, gelatin, and pectin. Polymers and adhesives are also added to create an absorbent, self-adhesive, and waterproof dressing. It can be transparent or translucent and can be used on various wound sites.
Although hydrocolloid dressings are moist dressings, they exhibit excellent breathability. While intact, they are not easily permeable to water vapor. However, as the gelling process begins, the permeability of the dressing increases. Excess moisture can escape through the dressing as water vapor. At the same time, hydrocolloid dressings maintain a favorable moist environment, promoting fibrinolysis, angiogenesis, and wound healing. Because the backing of hydrocolloid dressings is a semi-permeable material (typically a polyurethane film), it effectively prevents the invasion of bacteria and viruses. It also exhibits excellent water resistance, making it easy to adhere to both moist and dry wounds.
Hydrocolloid dressings are able to absorb exudate and are primarily used for clean, granulating wounds and superficial wounds with low to moderate exudate. Generally used in the mid-to-late stages of wound healing, the granulation and epithelial stages. During these stages, wound exudate decreases, but a moist environment is required to promote granulation and epithelial growth, making them the most suitable for hydrocolloid dressings. Hydrocolloid dressings provide a good seal and can soften necrotic tissue in dry wounds. Also be used to accelerate autolytic tissue debridement. Hydrocolloid dressings are used as a secondary dressing to seal the hydrogel. After a period of time, difficult-to-remove tissue becomes easier to remove. Furthermore, hydrocolloid dressings provide an excellent antibacterial barrier, preventing external contamination of the wound surface. Hydrocolloids have been clinically validated for the prevention and treatment of phlebitis. Hydrocolloid dressings can also be used to secure certain devices, such as catheters.
Hydrocolloid dressings transform into a gel after absorbing exudate, causing local swelling and a white appearance. Therefore, during use, the extent of exudate absorption should be carefully monitored. If the whitening area approaches the edge of the dressing (e.g., 1 cm), the dressing should be changed promptly.
What are the contraindications of hydrocolloid dressings?
As with other occlusive dressings, the Hydrocolloid dressing should not be used on:
Anaerobic wounds
Full-thickness burns
Ulcers caused by tuberculosis, syphilis, or fungal infections
Deep sinus tracts
Wounds with localized tissue ischemia and potential necrosis
Use with caution on diabetic foot
CAUTION:
For very dry wounds, this dressing can be used in combination with a hydrogel, but should not be used alone.
For actively bleeding wounds, wait until the bleeding has completely stopped before using this dressing.
Do hydrocolloid dressings have side effects?
Hydrocolloid dressings have been used for many years , with few reports linking them to allergic contact dermatitis. However, some hydrocolloid dressings contain specific viscosity-increasing agents that may cause allergic reactions, but these reactions generally only result in localized skin allergies. Because hydrocolloid dressings have a poor ability to absorb exudate, they may cause skin maceration if used on wounds with high exudate volumes. Furthermore, using them alone on wounds at risk of infection may accelerate the onset of infection.
How much exudate can a hydrocolloid dressing absorb?
Hydrocolloid dressings are not suitable for moderately to highly exuding wounds. Hydrocolloid dressings are essentially moisturizing dressings that absorb and lock in exudate, maintaining a moist environment. While they have a moderate but not high exudate absorption capacity, they are only suitable for low to moderately exuding wounds.
Can hydrocolloid dressings reduce pain?
Pain is a hallmark of superficial wounds, particularly during dressing changes. One study showed that hydrocolloid dressings provide better pain relief for patients and may also lead to faster healing of donor site wounds.
Are there differences between different brands?
Products from different companies vary widely in structure, extensibility, exudate management, breathability, and other aspects. There are numerous products on the market. When purchasing, choose a hydrocolloid dressing that has medium viscosity, good extensibility, and high breathability, suitable for most wounds.
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